‘Skinning’ Explained: A Guide to Uphill Ski Travel
Skinning, in the context of backcountry skiing, is a technique that allows skiers to ascend uphill using specialized climbing skins attached to the base of their skis. These skins, typically made from synthetic materials like nylon or mohair, feature a directional nap that enables forward glide while preventing backward slipping, providing essential grip and traction on snow-covered slopes.
Skinning is a fundamental skill for backcountry skiing, granting access to remote, untouched terrain beyond ski lifts and groomed trails. This technique requires the right equipment, efficient movement, and careful route planning.
How Skinning Works
Attaching the Skins
Before starting the ascent, skiers must properly attach climbing skins to their skis. The process involves:
Securing the tip: Most skins attach to the ski tip using a loop, clip, or hook that anchors them in place.
Adhering the skin to the base: A specialized adhesive or vacuum-seal technology ensures a secure fit along the length of the ski.
Fastening the tail: The skin is stretched to the ski's tail and locked with an adjustable clip or strap to prevent shifting.
Trimming: Skins should be properly trimmed to fit the ski width, leaving ski edges exposed for better grip on firm snow and icy terrain.
Ascending Uphill
With climbing skins in place, skiers ascend using a technique that blends walking and gliding. Key elements include:
Sliding motion: Instead of lifting skis with each step, skiers slide them forward in a smooth, controlled motion, allowing the skins to grip the snow.
Weight distribution: Maintaining an even weight distribution over the skis enhances grip and minimizes energy expenditure.
Pacing: A steady, efficient pace helps conserve energy and prevents muscle fatigue during long ascents.
Pole usage: Ski poles provide balance and propulsion, particularly on steeper slopes or variable terrain.
Efficient Skinning Techniques
To maximize efficiency and traction while skinning, skiers can utilize the following techniques:
Kick turns: A crucial skill for navigating steep or tight switchbacks, involving a controlled pivot to change direction.
Stride length adjustments: Shorter strides provide better grip on steeper terrain, while longer strides enhance efficiency on flatter slopes.
Heel riser use: Adjusting heel risers (found on touring bindings) helps alleviate calf strain and maintain an ergonomic climbing position.
Skin track etiquette: When following established tracks, maintain a consistent rhythm and avoid disrupting the packed surface.
Kick Turn
Route Planning and Safety Considerations
Backcountry skiing requires careful planning to ensure a safe and efficient ascent. Skiers should consider:
Existing skin tracks: Utilizing previously set tracks can make the ascent easier and more energy-efficient.
Terrain assessment: Choosing the safest, most gradual route to avoid hazardous terrain features such as cliffs, avalanche-prone slopes, or crevasses.
Snow conditions: Adjusting the route based on snowpack stability, surface conditions, and avalanche risk.
Navigation tools: Using a map, GPS, or smartphone app to track the route and avoid getting lost in unfamiliar terrain.
Communication: Informing others of your planned route and expected return time for safety purposes.
Removing the Skins for Descent
Once the summit or desired location is reached, it’s time to transition to the downhill portion. Proper skin removal involves:
Detaching the tail and peeling off the skin carefully to avoid snow contamination.
Folding or rolling the skins with the adhesive sides facing inward to maintain their stickiness.
Storing skins in a warm, dry place (such as inside a jacket) to prevent freezing before reuse.
Transitioning bindings from touring (walk) mode to ski mode for the descent.
Heel Risers: Essential for Uphill Comfort
Heel risers, aka climbing bars or lifters, are integral to backcountry ski bindings. They assist skiers during steep ascents by raising the heel of the boot, reducing calf strain, and improving climbing efficiency.
How Heel Risers Work
Flat mode (0°): Used for gentle or flat terrain requiring no additional lift.
Medium riser (7-10°): Ideal for moderate slopes, offering a comfortable angle without excessive strain.
High riser (13-15°): Recommended for steep ascents, allowing the skier to maintain better leverage and minimize fatigue.
When to Use Heel Risers: adjust risers based on the incline to optimize climbing efficiency:
Low risers for gradual inclines to maintain a natural stride.
Medium risers for sustained moderate slopes.
High risers for short, steep sections where greater support is needed.
Tips to make the most of your uphill journey:
Dress in layers: uphill exertion generates heat, so wear moisture-wicking clothing and adjust layers as needed.
Hydrate frequently: dehydration can impact performance, so carry an insulated bottle or hydration pack.
Take strategic breaks: short, frequent breaks help maintain energy levels without cooling down too much.
Maintain skin condition: keep climbing skins free of snow, ice, and dirt for optimal performance.
Stay avalanche aware: always carry essential safety gear, including a beacon, probe, and shovel.
Skinning is an essential skill if you’re a backcountry skier. It gives you the chance to explore untouched terrain while building endurance and strength. Master proper technique, use the right equipment, prioritize safety, and enjoy the experience!
